Physical 3D models have been used for decades to visualize City improvements in need of public approval and to help architects portray their ideas to the owner. Topographic contour maps have been used to visualize ground terrain in a two-dimensional environment for drainage studies, military strategy planning, city planning, etc. These models are often costly and take too long to construct.

Printed renderings are more easy and cost-effective to produce, but they lack the interactiveness of even the physical models.

The recent developments and adoption of Building Information Models (BIM) and intelligent 3D models have enabled architects and engineers to reach beyond just building a “pretty picture”. These “intelligent” models serve as a collaboration tool for designers working on different aspects of the project to visualize their designs and avoid any clashes during construction. Once the project is complete, this data can be used for detailed asset/facility life-cycle management.

The industry is now relying more on the virtual 3D models for design and construction and less on the typical 2D plans. However, we are still faced with the dilemma of having a working document that we can physically touch that represents the latest design. If only there was a way to have the best of both worlds – a 3D model on a 2D printed plan.

A while back I stumbled across Zebra Imaging through Twitter and after spending a day at their facility in Austin, Texas, I believe our industry is about to change. They produce full-color printed holographic images that can be used for numerous visualization applications including military planning project and concept demonstrations for investors.

3D is now a standard output for most CAD systems, and is commonly used for viewing terrain data and built environments. ZEBRA Imaging offers a product that allows you to view this data from more than one angle, without having to redraw the images on a computer screen. ZEBRA Imaging provides fairly large – 600mm by 800mm – flat media holograms. They are portable and can be created using a number of data sources; most importantly, they don’t require special tools (e.g. glasses or scopes) for viewing.

The holograms are used in a variety of ways, including military visualizations, project presentations and concept demonstrations for investors.

Monochrome view of New Orleans showing the Superdome.

From ZEBRA Imaging literature:

• 3-D perspectives are visible horizontally and vertically; one can look over and under the image and from side to side without glasses or goggles
• Wide angle of view – horizontal viewing is over 95 degrees, allowing many people to walk around and view an image simultaneously
• Allows for unlimited size while maintaining the integrity of the image
• Images are projected several feet in front of or behind the hologram and appear to be floating in air
• Compact and portable – images are flat or flexible plastic panels that can be stored and shipped easily, taking up very little space
• Any 3-D volumetric data set from any source may be used

ZEBRA’s capabilities also include the ability to produce holograms that change depending upon the viewer’s angle. This is beneficial when attempting to depict varying levels of a building, terrain, etc. It is also helpful when trying to portray a particular image before and after an event. For example, Zebra created 3D visual of the Lower Manhattan skyline before and after 9-11. From one angle, a view of the Twin Towers before the disaster can be seen and from another, the rubble in the aftermath.

Before 9-11. (Click for larger image)

After 9-11. (Click for larger image)

The four images below were used at the GEOINT Symposium to show the same corner at four different time periods. Each time the corner is viewed, it shows a different aspect of the structure.

(Click for larger image)

ZEBRA Imaging showed this example of generals looking at an urban area. The entire image is a color hologram – including the generals, the people in the background, etc.

Viewing a Zebra Imaging hologram is a viewing experience that is impossible to appreciate with the 2D limitations of a computer screen. The videos below give you an opportunity to understand how the real-world Zebra holograms appear through the lens of a 2D video camera.

Overview Video
A 2 minute overview showing a wide array of sample 3D Zebra holographic images
Windows Media – 5mb |  Quicktime – 24mb

Monochrome
A 15 second video that shows several monochrome samples (includes holograms not found in the Overview video)
Windows Media – 560k|  Quicktime – 3mb

Architecture

15 second video that shows several architectural holographic image samples
Windows Media – 640k |  Quicktime – 4mb

Automotive & Manufacturing

A 57 second video that shows automotive and other manufacturing 3D Zebra holographic images. Contains similar footage as the overview with a few more examples
Windows Media – 2.3mb |  Quicktime – 15mb

Industrial Design
30 second video containing several samples of industrial design holographic images
Windows Media – 1.2mb |  Quicktime – 5.4mb

This image shows an interesting real-world application for the Ford Motor Company.

A map is a model of reality that allows you to see, understand and analyze geography. ZEBRA Imaging’s offerings extend this model in a most interesting and utilitarian way.

Michael Klug, CTO of Zebra Imaging discusses the technology at Autodesk University 2009:

Competence

Mixed Reality denotes generally different visualisation means between Reality and Virtuality, enabled by 3D computer graphics. On one hand, Virtual Reality (VR) means completely 3D modelled representation of real world, while Augmented Reality (AR) stands for superimposing virtual objects in the user’s view of the real world.

The work by VTT’s Virtual Reality research dates back to the year 1995 when a virtual training simulator was developed for printing industries. After that various VR solutions have been developed for building and construction applications, space applications, and terrain visualisation. VTT’s special assets in VR include e.g. scalable Open Scene Graph (OSG) based viewer implementation, up to immersive CAVE type environments. We also develop application software and browser based solutions for the management and visualisation of various types of contents (text, graphics, images, video, 3D models, etc.). We are specialised in interactive management and visualisation of complex datasets.

VTT’s Augmented Reality team started developing virtual advertisements for live TV broadcast in year 2000 and, a little later, AR games and entertainment applications. Currently, our research focus is on architecture/construction and interior design, as well as industrial applications at production sites. Furthermore, we are proud of being able to adopt many complex video processing and AR ideas for low-level mobile platforms, e.g. camera phones, in which the processing power and transmission bandwidths are scarce resources. Today, Augmented Reality is applied more generally as part of Mixed Reality technology, bridging the digital and physical worlds with two-way interaction. Different kinds of Virtual Worlds, and Mirror Worlds as counterparts to real environments, provide natural means to implement such interactions.

Challenges

• Marker tracking – accuracy, distance, lighting, etc.
• Markerless tracking – feature / template / model based
• Sensors – accelerometer, compass, GPS, other positioning, sensor fusion
• Content creation – easily and economically, from industrial systems and by users
• 3D/VR model formats – in industry, construction, entertainment, art and digital media
• Mobile processing – memory, speed, 3D graphics on UMPCs and camera phones
• Visualisation – HMDs, PCs, projector screens, large displays, VEs
• Processing power – memory, speed, 3D graphics

Solutions

AR applications

• ALVAR – A Library for Virtual and Augmented Reality
• AROnSite – outdoors visualization based on GPS and Google Earth
• ARMobile – multi-marker based augmented large scale visualization
• ARScaleModel – interaction with virtual 3D model on conference table
• ARInteriors – digital photo based augmented furniture and interior design
• ARCatalogue – printed media in augmented 3D format
• ARPhone – augmented reality on Symbian camera phones
• CamBall – augmented table tennis game over the Internet
• SymBall – camera driven table tennis game on mobile phones

VR visualisation solutions

• Katve – advanced virtual room with 4 rear projection stereo walls
• MobiTrix – mobile stereoscopic rear projection system
• PC based active and passive stereo visualisation systems
• Interaction devices, including tracking devices and data gloves
• Semi automatic 3D terrain visualisation
• IFC visualisation and collaboration technologies
• 4D visualisation of IFC models in building projects

See further information in Publications, Projects and Videos on VTT’s website at http://www.vtt.fi/?lang=en.

References and merits

Part of VTT’s global G+ competence Virtual Products and Production Processes

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